Monthly Archieves: Dezember 2022

It is interesting to note that English law at the time set the minimum age for members of the House of Commons at 21 and 25 for members of the House of Lords. For centuries, the coveted status of senator was “born and educated” and conferred by aristocratic descendants. Even today, in monarchies such as the United Kingdom and the Scandinavian states, tradition dictates that part of the Senate is reserved for barons, lords, dukes or other ranks of the nobility. However, most senators are democratically elected. According to the Senate website, others thought lengthy citizenship requirements would discourage immigration and offend Europeans who supported the revolution. When James Madison drafted the Virginia Plan, he left the age restriction to the delegates. English law required members of Parliament to be 21 years of age or older, and delegates lived in states where legislators had to be 21 or 25 years old. Application for a local government position. Request election as a member of a school committee, assembly or board; Mayor; or a member of the local Congress. This type of experience allows future senators to see how government processes work at the municipal or municipal level.

It provides opportunities to make connections, build a track record, develop a positive reputation and valuable references. Progress in the race for higher positions, such as the legislature or state governor, before taking on the challenge of being elected to the Senate. Although the Constitution does not list the qualifications of senators, most senators do have standards. There has been a lot of back and forth. MPs could not have been born outside the kingdoms of England, Scotland or Ireland, and the authors did not want such a strict ban. At the time, states had different residency requirements before becoming legislators, ranging from one year to seven years. Like a U.S. representative, the constitutional requirements for a senator focus on age, U.S. citizenship, and residency.

Before you can launch your campaign, you`ll need to select a party you want to run in, submit your candidacy to your state`s secretary of state, and collect a certain number of signatures from voters registered in your party to appear on the ballot. These numbers vary from state to state, so review your state`s specific requirements to make sure you`re prepared. Education and community engagement are certainly important parts of the foundation needed to run for the Senate. Equally important are leadership, communication skills and moral integrity; as well as the ability to organize a campaign and the perseverance to carry it out. Perhaps most important, however, is the support and support of the parties. A candidate without the support, muscle and influence of the “party machine” is at best at a disadvantage and at worst desperate. Participate in political events. Find out when municipal council or local branches of political parties hold meetings that are open to the public or party members.

These events can say a lot about the political process. Create a platform of strong ideas with clear values, positions, and plans to implement them. Build a campaign team that believes in your platform and is committed to helping you succeed. Decide what your fundraising strategies will be, whether you`re running a grassroots campaign or one that takes money from big companies. Be clear about your position on all issues before making it public and be prepared to defend your views. Almost no one starts their career in the public service as a senator. The constitution simply states that you must live in the state where you are running, but you are a much stronger candidate if you are not just a resident, but a full member and leader in your community. For many senators, that means first running for smaller public positions — city council or other local leadership positions — and moving up to the state senate or governor`s office. This way, you will know government procedures and develop the leadership skills and background that people want to choose.

The support of politicians in the party, known as the “party machine,” can go a long way toward ensuring that a Senate candidate runs and is elected. Future U.S. senators must meet three eligibility requirements: At the 1787 Constitutional Convention, delegates modeled British law to determine the age, citizenship, and residency or “residency” qualifications of senators and representatives, but did not vote to accept proposed religious and property requirements. These are the only conditions for the performance of their duties set forth in Article I, Section 3, of the Constitution, which states: “No person shall be a Senator unless he has attained the age of thirty years and who has been a citizen of the United States for nine years, and who, if elected, shall not reside in the State for which he is to be elected.” In addition to these constitutional requirements, U.S. senators must comply with state registration regulations (including typically political party registration and the right to vote), be up-to-date on tax obligations, and pass a criminal background check. What does it take to become a senator? As with most government positions, there are certain basic requirements that any aspiring senator must meet. The U.S. Constitution sets out three mandatory qualifications: In terms of formal education, there are no requirements for senators. However, many have a university degree as well as postgraduate training in political science, law, economics or international relations.

In 2016, our Senate had 20% bankers and businessmen, and nearly 40% lawyers, although this number has decreased over the years. If you are considering a career path as a senator at the beginning of your studies or career, choosing one of these fields of study may be beneficial, but certainly not necessary. Having a solid foundation in constitutional law is important enough to be a senator. If a person running for the Senate has no education or knowledge of this section of the act, he or she must learn as much as possible before being elected. The requirements for United States Senator are set forth in Article I, Section 3 of the United States Constitution. The Senate is the highest legislative chamber in the United States (the House of Representatives is the lower house) with 100 members.

The couple repeats the vows one by one after the celebrant: you can also add your own personalized vows, people usually do this after saying the vows listed above. I can help you write personalized wishes. There are certain requirements that must be met to ensure that your marriage is legal. These are described in the Australian Marriage Terms and Conditions article on this website. As for the marriage vows themselves, the following words should be used in a civil marriage. “I ask those present here to testify that I, A.B. (or C.D.) take you, C.D. (or A.B.) as my legally married wife (or husband or spouse)”; Whether you live in Australia or a country outside of Australia, if you are planning to get married in Australia, the legal requirements are the same. You do not need to be an Australian citizen or permanent resident of Australia to get married in Australia. If you are coming from outside Australia and hope to live in Australia after your wedding, you can find information about the marriage visa here. Remember that only legal vows are required by law. Whether you choose a personal wish and a request is entirely up to you. The legal vows to be made by each party at their wedding in the presence of the celebrant and the two witnesses are as follows: This ceremony gives social recognition to an association that has already taken place in the heart of [full legal name of bride/groom/partner] and [full legal name/married/partner].

We hope this answers all your questions about the legal requirements for wedding in Australia and we would love to meet you in person if you are local or otherwise via Skype or phone call so we can start planning your special day. Contact us now and let`s start the process! Note: Effective December 9, 2017, vows have been changed to reflect the new definition of marriage. This change allows married couples to make a personal choice about which terms to use in their wedding vows that best reflect their relationship. Changes to the Marriage Act in 2017 meant that same-sex couples could now legally marry anywhere in Australia. This is a requirement of the Marriage Act 1961 and is one of many requirements that must be met for a couple to be considered legally married in Australia. Before we get into the legal requirements, it`s important to note: So at the next wedding you`re attending, listen carefully to the recitation of these statements or vows! If you`re the type who, like me, is called Groomchilla or Bridechilla, you might not want to follow all the ceremonial wedding traditions that great-aunt Bethel had at her wedding in 1925. Maybe you want to do things your way – and that`s okay. We are here to tell you about the wedding ceremony and traditions that you can easily break! There are hundreds of small cultural traditions ingrained in us that we may believe MUST be part of a wedding ceremony, but in reality, only a few parts of the ceremony are legal requirements to get married. If you are coming from a country outside of Australia, please check if your country needs their embassy to give you permission before you get married in Australia so that they can have your Australian marriage recognised in accordance with legal requirements. Rest assured that I take care of the legal obligations so you can focus on the best day possible.

If the registry has registered your marriage, you can request a copy of the official registered (legal) marriage certificate through the Register of Births, Deaths and Marriages in the Australian state or territory where you were married. Alternatively, your celebrant may offer to order one on your behalf and have it sent to the address of your choice. Your officiant will likely let you know if your marriage has been registered, or you can ask them to do so. There is no legal obligation to make personal vows to each other when you get married in Australia. But many couples want to tell the person they marry how much they love each other in front of their groomsmen and guests. This is often followed by a few personal wishes – promises or promises made to each other on this very special day. You can look at some examples of personal vows here: bronteprice.com.au/what-are-wedding-vows/ and your celebrant should be able to help you design yours if you wish. Oh, and your personal vows can be combined with your ring exchange if you give each other rings during your ceremony. For example, you can give each other personal vows while putting each other`s wedding rings on each other`s fingers. I know it`s boring, but it`s super important. Marriage in Australia is actually a legal process; Under the Marriage Act 1961, marriage has nothing to do with love or romance. Here`s what you need to know about the legal requirements to get married in Australia.

We are gathered today to testify to the marriage promises of [groom/groom/partner] and [full legal name of bride/groom/partner]. Once you have filled in the details in the NOIM, ask one of the following people to confirm your signatures: a police officer (Australian Federal Police or State/Territory Police), a lawyer or lawyer, a Justice of the Peace or a legally qualified doctor (note: this does not include a pharmacist or dentist). You can then send the NOIM by email or mail to your wedding officiant. Basically, much of your ceremony is very flexible. However, there are passages and vows outlined in the Marriage Act 1966 that must be made at your ceremony for legal reasons. You can always add beautiful words customized according to those legally required if you wish. Australia is a fantastic place to get married for all couples, whether local or foreign, and offers the flexibility that weddings can take place virtually anywhere, with Marriage Celebrants giving couples the freedom and creativity to have any type or type of ceremony they can imagine. There are minimum legal requirements for marriage in Australia, but the requirements we have must be met.

1. Legal vows 2. Personal wishes 3. Asking to make vows or promises is usually the focus of your ceremony. However, you are only required to make your legal vows to ensure that your marriage is valid in accordance with the Marriage Act. Essentially, marriage vows are promises or promises you make to each other. There are different types of vows that can be included in a wedding ceremony. One of these types, legal vows, is mandatory in Australia. It comes down to the fact that there are 124 legally prescribed words that must be spoken during the ceremony, and we have to sign a few papers, but the rest is entirely up to you! Legally, there is only a limited possibility for anyone – married, married or celebrants – to change the wording of these vows, so it is better to stick to this legal text and be sure that the marriage is legally valid! Couples ask me to explain exactly what wedding vows are. It`s no surprise that many people don`t know what vows are, especially if they`ve never been married or have never attended a civil wedding. Section 45(2) of the Marriage Act sets out the vows to be made by the parties to a civil marriage (if the authorized officiant is not the minister of religion). As of December 9, 2017, vows will be changed to reflect the new definition of marriage: before your marriage can take place, you must also fill out a form called a “declaration”, which explains that to your knowledge, there is no legal reason why you could not get married.

The term “husband” can refer to a male spouse and “wife” can refer to a female spouse, regardless of the sex or gender of the person taking the vows. The term “spouse” can refer to a person who is male, female, intersex, non-binary or transgender. Skip the “beloved” if you want, and DEF skip the “If anyone here knows a reason why this couple should not be united in a holy marriage, speak now or keep your peace forever”! It has no place in modern ceremonies and belongs to Hollywood blockbusters or my favorite, Shrek. Spare yourself the awkward silence and ignore it. Unless you`re Princess Fiona and you make a big mistake marrying Lord Farquad. And I doubt that will happen here. JUMP! If you are planning to get married overseas, remember that you cannot return to Australia and remarry. You can have an engagement or renewal of vows ceremony in Australia after your overseas wedding, but anyone performing this ceremony must make it clear to everyone attending that the commitment ceremony or renewal of vows is not a legal marriage ceremony. Of course, you can also exchange wedding rings, read your personal vows, and share a bit of your love story, but it`s all completely optional.

When it comes to electric scooter laws in Pennsylvania, there`s a lot of confusion and confusion about whether people can use them. The Pennsylvania Transportation Committee does not consider electric scooters compliant, but considers Segways to be electric transportation. Florida legalized electric scooters in 2019, but limited them to riders as young as 16. Scooter riders must use designated bike lanes and ride at a maximum speed of 30 miles per hour. Similar to Rhode Island. There is no national law regulating electric scooters, but allows cities to regulate themselves. This led Charleston and Columbia to ban electric scooters in 2018/2019, which is still in effect. The best way to understand which rules apply is to follow the laws on gasoline mopeds. Therefore, all vehicles belonging to this category must be registered and insured as motorcycles. A category D, G or M driving licence is required to drive a moped and must not exceed 25 mph (40 km/h). Persons under the age of 21 must wear a helmet on a moped or motorcycle. Check with local authorities for more information. In Mississippi, electric scooters or “standing electric scooters” are defined as devices that: – Weighs less than 100 lbs (45 kg)- Has two or three wheels- Has handlebars and a board to stand on while riding- Powered by an electric motor- Has a maximum speed of 20 mph (32 km/h)The same laws and responsibilities apply as a cyclist.

Bike lanes, sidewalks, and other streets or places where bikes are allowed are also suitable for e-scooters. The speed limit is 15 mph (24 km/h) and you must be the same age as when driving a car. There is no state law requiring the wearing of a helmet and driver`s license at the time of writing. In Georgia, electric scooters are legal on bike lanes, so users can only use them on public roads when no lanes are available. Runners must also adhere to a speed limit of 20 miles per hour, and the weight limit is 100 pounds. You must be at least 14 years old and hold a category M2 motorcycle licence. From the age of 16, you need an M1 or M3 licence. All cyclists under the age of 18 must wear a helmet. Electric scooters that you can sit on or stand on must not have more than one 750W motor. Otherwise, you can drive by the same rules as regular car rules. The roads are ok.

In Washington DC, a law was passed in 2020 that defines the e-scooter as a “PMD”, a personal mobility device. It is a type of motor vehicle designed to transport one person only. No license or other type of registration is required, but there are other restrictions. The minimum age to ride an electric scooter is 16 years old. You are not allowed to drive on sidewalks. Cyclists over the age of 18 do not need to wear a helmet on shared scooters. You can ride on all designated bike lanes, but you are not allowed to wear headphones. Scooter riders must obey all traffic rules and traffic lights. And most importantly and somewhat disappointingly, the top speed allowed is 10 mph (16 km/h). This was developed with Share Scooter in mind. However, it severely restricts private owners.

Electric scooters are street legal in the United States, but you can`t just ride one without knowing and following traffic rules. Unfortunately, the traffic rules for electric scooters are not as clear to drivers as they should be. Studies also show that drivers get used to it very quickly, unlike cars where a young adult takes full driving lessons and still receives extreme premiums charged by insurance. To bring order to the chaos, 9 states required a driver`s license to drive an electric scooter, but this method is unlikely to become the norm given the special power of micromobility to provide access to opportunities for people who can`t afford to buy a car. There are 7 major traffic laws that apply to electric scooters in California. They require electric scooters or electric scooter riders: In Louisiana, electric scooters are defined as devices that: – Weighs less than one hundred pounds 100 lbs (45 kg)- Has a handlebar and board- Powered by an electric motor or human force- Has a maximum speed of 20 mph (32 km/h) Louisiana legalized electric scooters at the state level in 2019. According to the legislation, it is allowed to drive on sidewalks, bike lanes and roads with a speed limit of 25 mph or less. Anyone under the age of 17 must wear a helmet and only one person at a time can ride the scooter. Some information indicates that you need a license and that the speed limit is 40 miles per hour.

Cities and municipalities have the right to repeal these laws (which is not foreseen) or to extend them. By far the most notable – New York City – passed an ordinance in November 2020 to apply to all five boroughs, and eventually also opened its approval process for five private companies operating shared scooters starting in March 2021. We always recommend wearing a helmet on an electric scooter and switching to a full-face helmet when driving at speeds over 24 km/h. If you`d like more information on which helmet is right for you, read our complete helmet guide and read our helmet database. According to amendment HR 727 to the Consumer Product Safety Act, “low-speed bicycles” or “two- or three-wheeled vehicles equipped with fully functional pedals and an electric motor of less than 750 watts, including the maximum speed on a paved flat surface, when driven exclusively by such a motor, while they are driven by an operator weighing 170 pounds, less than 20 miles per hour” as legal. Although there is no equivalent law for electric scooters, it is generally accepted that electric scooters fall into this category. Check out Unagi`s full guide to electric scooter laws here. Electric scooters are not currently regulated at the Pennsylvania state level, although the Senate bill would regulate 892 “low-speed electric scooters.” These are defined in the bill as “small electric or human-powered vehicles that weigh less than 100 pounds and travel no more than 15 miles per hour.” The bill “would allow some municipalities to determine where slow scooters could be used, although they are prohibited on roads with a speed limit of at least 35 miles per hour.” Battle Ground has rules for the use of motorized scooters/electric vehicles: Kentucky allows people 16 and older to use electric scooters, and you don`t need to register or have a permit. However, the state requires all electric scooters to have a red taillight and headlight for night driving. Unagi, known for the Model One with its beautiful workmanship, tactile sophistication, and ultra-sleek command center, has released a new guide to electric scooter laws that breaks down everything you need to know. The minimum age to ride electric scooters varies from state to state, although the most commonly agreed age in the country is 16 and older.

States like Michigan and Minnesota have an age limit of 12 and older to ride an electric scooter. Local authorities are not allowed to restrict personal scooters, but they can set their own rules for shared electric scooters. California is both the birthplace of shared scooters (Bird in Santa Monica in September 2017) and the excitement that began in March 2018 with the launches of Bird, Lime and Spin in San Francisco without government approval — a trend for the shared scooter industry. The events of the following years eventually gave scooters a bad name and at the same time familiarized several hundred million people worldwide with the possibilities and potential of light electric vehicles. Connecticut passed electric scooter laws in 2019 that are very similar to bicycle laws. Wearing a helmet is mandatory for riders under 16 years of age. Scooters are not allowed on sidewalks and must not exceed a speed of 20 miles per hour. In May 2019, Washington passed a scooter law that also applies to motorcycles, motorized bicycles, mopeds, e-bikes (e-bikes), and other mobility aids. The provisions of the law that apply to electric scooters, called motorized scooters, are as follows: Another state that has conflicting information about whether or not electric scooters are legal. Idaho`s legal guidelines regarding electric scooters can be very confusing. The problem is that there is no specific distinction between them and motorcycles.

2.A.1. The court must be a rectangle 20 feet (6.10 m) wide and 44 feet (13.41 m) long for singles and doubles matches. Each dish uses these specifications to keep pickleball fair and consistent. Keep these dimensions and details in mind if you want to create your own DIY pickleball court. Enjoy playing! There may be similarities between how the two games are played, as well as where. Although a tennis court can potentially be converted into a pickleball court, it cannot be a satisfactory substitute for one. Here you will find information about the dimensions of the pickleball field, as well as some of the most important equipment needed to build such a field. Compared to the dimensions of tennis courts, the dimensions of the pickleball court are extremely compact. The side lines in the first extend to 78 feet, while the baselines are 36 feet wide. Pickleball courts, on the other hand, are only 44 feet long and 20 feet wide, much less space to walk around.

If you intend to renovate a tennis court, the result can be even bigger: 60 feet long and 30 feet wide. Tournament pickleball courts can be even larger, but only slightly, with a length of 64 feet and a width of 34 feet. (For simplicity, all mentions of space length and width refer to the standard.) It is recommended to maintain a vertical interior height between 18 and 20 feet above the square. This does not apply to badminton players, as the overall dimensions of the court are the same. Inspired by badminton, pickleball draws ideas from badminton and tennis. The main equipment includes a pickleball net, a field, paddles and a ball. The net is 36″ high on each sideline and reduced to 34″ in the middle. This encourages play in the middle of the field.

When the network is weaker, the probability of failure is lower. In these facilities, you will often see 2 pickleball courts (with temporary pickleball nets) arranged on a single tennis court, as you can see below. You will notice that the tennis net shares the two pickleball courts. As mentioned earlier, pickleball was heavily inspired by badminton. For this reason, a pickleball court is the same size as a double badminton court. The dimensions of the pickleball court are 20 x 44 feet. Unlike tennis, pickleball uses the same size of court for singles and doubles matches. Make sure there is enough space between seats.

Do not – and I repeat – the dishes together!!! You need space. Pickleball Court Supply offers a wide range of pickleball products for gaming fans. This includes field benches, machinery, garbage cans and many other essential accessories for pickleball courts. Without them, your area of expertise would not be complete. Take them today, look at an entrepreneur, and start planning today. The dimensions of the yard include the dimensions of the lines. Earlier, we talked about the size of a pickleball court that measures 20 feet by 44 feet. These measures include lines. The 2-inch width of the lines is part of this overall measurement. A standard pickleball court is about the same size as a double badminton court and the court is 44 feet long (lines included) and 20 feet wide (lines included). The net height of a pickleball court is 36 inches high on the sideline and 34 inches high in the center.

Yes, a pickleball court is very similar to a tennis court. A pickleball court is striped with right and left service fields and a 7-foot no-fly zone in front of the net, often referred to as a kitchen. When creating your course, keep in mind that the minimum recommended size of the pickleball court is 30 feet wide (9.14 m) and 60 feet long (18.28), but the preferred size is 34 feet by 64 feet long. To ensure the safety of players and provide space for players to move around the field, an out-of-bounds area is required. Hi Jim, 18 feet for ceiling height while playing pickleball would cut it a little close. I would recommend a higher cap to accommodate those who want to praise. I hope that helps. While many other pickleball courts are built, sometimes you prefer to build your own court, whether it`s in your driveway, in a cul-de-sac, or on a redeveloped basketball court. For simplicity, singles and doubles are played on the same size court.

The layout of the square is divided into 3 main parts. The first zone is a non-volleyball zone, which includes the space from the no-volley line (7 feet from the net) to the net. In pickleball, this area is often referred to as the “kitchen.” The front part, which is closest to the net on either side of the court, is marked with the no-volley zone line. It is also called “the kitchen”. You must not enter the 7-foot zone in front of the net during or after a volley shot and your serve must land beyond the non-volleyball zone line. The pickleball lines are 2 inches wide and are white in color to contrast with the color of the square. If the ball lands even partially on an outside line, the ball is in it. The point of contact or location on the ball that touches the ground determines the call. If you are building your own pickleball court, they can be built specifically for pickleball or renovated with existing tennis or badminton courts. You can add the ONIX portable pickleball net to play pickleball anytime, anywhere. The net can be used in multi-purpose gyms, in the local park or even in your driveway, and is extremely easy to carry and assemble at will. The portable net can be used for recreational exercises or games if it is a legally approved pickleball net if it measures 36″ H x 22`L, anytime and anywhere.

Although it is a portable pickleball net, it has a wide steel base and high-quality mesh material to ensure a sturdy construction of the net wherever you place it. Knowing the standard size of the pickleball court is a good start, but you need more than one outline to build one. This is especially true if you intend to build one from scratch, although renovating a tennis court isn`t a walk in the park either. Here are some of the resources and equipment you`ll need to make your pickleball dreams come true. For example, if you need to use a tennis court for a pickleball, it can easily be divided into four pickleball courts, allowing multiple games to take place at the same time. Or, if you`re building a multi-court pickleball system, the overall construction and dimensions would be the same as a single court. The only difference is that you are building multiple courts on a larger scale and will need cushioned fencing between each pickleball court. Pickleball lines such as touchlines, baselines, and center lines help to visibly divide the square into its 3 main sections.

The net divides it horizontally into two halves and each half is identical. Pickleball is played indoors and outdoors on pickleball courts. If you want to build one or more pickleball courts, call North State Resurfacing for professional assistance. We have renovated and built thousands of outdoor spaces in North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia. Call us at (919) 877-6972 or fill out this easy-to-use form to speak with a licensed tennis and pickleball contractor. The no-fly line is located on either side of the field, 7 feet from the net. There is also a center line on each side that cuts in half the area between the non-flight line and the baseline, resulting in two service areas. Whether you`re practicing pickleball for league games at a recreation center, country club, senior community, or school team, the following guide will help you understand the basics of building a pickleball field. Are you part of the new sporting madness? Cucumber ball? In 2020, the sport experienced an impressive growth of 21.3%. Pickleball has grown tremendously because it is easy to learn and the age, gender or abilities of the players do not matter. And it`s a lot of fun! The course itself must be constructed of a solid surface material that can withstand the pounding of pickle balls and running feet.

There are three levels in the federal court system. The lowest level includes 94 district courts, the second level includes 13 district courts, and the highest court in the hierarchy is the U.S. Supreme Court. The U.S. Supreme Court has heard cases of national attention, and only after one of the parties involved in a case found that his rights had been violated in state court. In other words, the Supreme Court was considered a court of appeal. Beyond the federal circuit, a number of courts have been created to deal with appeals on specific issues such as the U.S. Court of Appeals for veterans` claims and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces. The Supreme Court is the highest court of a state or the United States and generally deals only with matters of state or national importance or appeals from the Court of Appeals. This court will only accept cases of the Court of Appeal if there is a problem of interpretation of the law or a constitutional right. This is also the final step in the appeal process.

There is no appeal procedure if one of the parties is not satisfied with the decision. There are 13 U.S. circuit courts of appeals in the United States, which are among the most powerful courts. There are a total of 179 full-time judges in the country, but only three judges hear a single case. Since this court hears appeals from the lower court, judges` decisions often set a precedent. The North Carolina Constitution divides state government into three branches, legislative, executive, and judicial. The judicial system is the judicial system that interprets our constitution and makes decisions about the meaning of our laws and the consequences they have for those who break them. The court system is divided into three divisions: Cases based entirely on state law can be heard in federal courts under the court`s “diversity jurisdiction.” Diversity jurisprudence allows a plaintiff from one state to sue in federal court if the defendant is located in another state.

The defendant may also try to “withdraw” from the state court for the same reason. To bring a lawsuit in federal court, all plaintiffs must be located in states different from all defendants, and the “value in dispute” must be greater than $75,000. (Note: Diversity jurisprudence is much more complicated than explained here.) There are two types of judicial systems in this country – the federal judicial system and the state court system (the state court system includes municipal and local courts). Article III of the United States Constitution establishes the federal judicial system with the Supreme Court of the United States and allows Congress to create lower federal courts, namely district and district courts. Federal courts adjudicate disputes related to the U.S. Constitution, federal laws, interstate disputes, and disputes over $75,000 between residents of different states. There is at least one District Court in each state and District of Columbia. Each district includes a U.S. bankruptcy court as a unit of the district court. Four U.S. territories have U.S.

district courts that hear federal cases, including bankruptcy cases: Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands. Specifically, federal courts hear criminal, civil and bankruptcy cases. And once a case is decided, it can often be challenged. Once the U.S. District Court has ruled on a case, the case can be appealed to a U.S. appeals court. There are twelve federal districts that divide the country into different regions. The fifth circuit, for example, includes the states of Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Cases in the district courts of these states are brought before the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, located in New Orleans, Louisiana.

In addition, the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals has statewide jurisdiction over very specific matters, such as patents. U.S. District Courts are the lowest level of federal courts. There are 94 district courts throughout the country. A federal case will first go to district court. In a district court, cases are heard by a judge and jury who hear evidence and testimony to establish guilt in criminal proceedings or liability in civil proceedings. In criminal proceedings, a party is charged with violating one or more federal statutes. They are known to be accused and are found guilty or not guilty by a jury in a district court. In civil proceedings, one party is issued by another party seeking damages or infringement. The sued party is known as the defendant, and the party seeking damages or infringement is called the plaintiff.

District courts are not courts of appeal, which means that they only hear cases that are heard for the first time by a court. Federal courts, from district courts to the U.S. Supreme Court, have the final say on issues that affect every American`s life, including basic civil rights, religious freedom, suffrage, affirmative action, and in some cases, life and death. Members of the court are called “judges” and, like other federal judges, are appointed by the president and confirmed for life by the Senate. The Court has nine judges – eight associate judges and one chief justice. The Constitution does not impose requirements on Supreme Court judges, although all current members of the Court are lawyers and most have served as district judges. Judges are often also former law professors. The Chief Justice acts as the administrator of the court and is elected by the President and approved by Congress if the office is vacant. Under Article III of the U.S.

Constitution, the President appoints men and women to U.S. federal district courts, courts of appeals, and the Supreme Court. The president sends the nominations to the U.S. Senate, which gives “deliberation and approval.” Normally, a person cannot sit on the court to which he or she has been appointed without being confirmed by the U.S. Senate (the president has the power to make temporary appointments when the Senate is not in session). The federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction over bankruptcy cases involving personal, commercial, or agricultural bankruptcy. This means that a bankruptcy case cannot be filed in state court. In bankruptcy proceedings, individuals or companies that can no longer pay their creditors can either apply for the compulsory liquidation of their assets or reorganize their financial affairs and draw up a plan for the settlement of their debts. Federal courts hear cases involving the constitutionality of a law, cases involving the laws and treaties of U.S. ambassadors and public ministers, disputes between two or more states, admiralty law, also known as maritime law, and bankruptcy cases. The U.S. Supreme Court is the highest court in the U.S.

judicial system and has the power to rule on appeals in all cases filed in federal or state court, but dealing with federal law. For example, if a First Amendment free speech case were decided by a state`s highest court (usually the state Supreme Court), the case could be challenged in federal court. However, if the same case were decided entirely on the basis of a state law similar to the First Amendment, the U.S. Supreme Court would not be able to hear the case. The U.S. Supreme Court is the highest court of a state (or the United States) and generally hears only cases of state or national significance, or appeals from appellate courts. There are nine judges or judges who decide cases.

Defamation cases and defamation suits can be complicated. The success of a prosecution depends on the details of the statements made, the issues of public interest and their context. In some cases, the context of a statement may determine whether the statement is defamatory. Courts generally consider the facts and circumstances involved when determining the meaning of the statement. Even if two statements are identical in their words, one may be defamatory while the other is not, depending on the context of the statements. In rare cases, a plaintiff can be “defamatory,” meaning they have such a damaged reputation that they could not be further demeaned even by publishing false factual allegations. In most jurisdictions, a deceased person does not have a legally protected reputation for legal reasons and cannot be defamed. Defamation and defamation are the two types of defamation. Defamation is a false defamatory statement made in writing. Defamation is a false defamatory statement made orally. The difference between defamation and defamation is that a defamatory statement can be made on any medium. This could be in a blog comment or spoken in a speech or said on TV. Defamatory acts only exist if a statement is made in writing (digital statements are considered written) and defamatory statements are only made orally.

Since a statement must be false to be defamatory, the expression of an opinion cannot form the basis of a defamation suit because it cannot be proven to be true or false. For example, saying that Bill is an angry idiot is clearly an expression of opinion because you can`t prove that it`s true or false. Again, the courts will look at the context of the statement as well as its content to determine whether it is an opinion or a factual statement. The addition of the words “in my opinion” will generally not be sufficient to transform a statement of facts into a protected opinion. For example, there is no legal difference between the following two statements, both of which could be defamatory if false: If a statement cannot reasonably be interpreted by readers as an express or implied fact, it cannot be defamatory. In Walko v. Kean College of New Jersey, 561 A.2d680 (N.J. Super.L. 1988), a case involving a complaint between an assistant dean of a college and a telephone sex service, the Court found that “a parody or parody that no reasonable person would read as a statement of fact or anything other than a joke – even if it is a bad joke – cannot be sued as defamation.” As a general rule, expressions of opinion cannot form the basis of a defamation action. However, if a statement involves defamatory facts about a person`s reputation as a basis for opinion, the statement may be considered a defamatory or defamatory statement. Determining whether a statement is fact or opinion can be difficult and is often challenged in these cases.

Often, the outcome of defamation proceedings depends on this decision. Below are examples of “red flag” statements that could significantly damage a person`s reputation. Special precautions must be taken: to win a defamation lawsuit, a public figure must prove that the publisher of the false statements acted maliciously. Real malice means that the publisher knew the statements were false or acted with reckless contempt, whether true or false. This is much harder to prove than negligence. The Supreme Court raised that bar for public figures to prove defamation in 1964. Pure expressions of opinion cannot be defamatory. An article simply with “In my opinion…” However, starting to post something on the opinion page or using the word “allegedly” does not provide automatic protection against a defamation suit. The test is whether the expression can be proven true or false. Pure opinions cannot be inherently proven to be true or false.

Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co., 497 U.S. 1 (1990) The terms defamation, defamation, and defamation are often confused. They are all similar in that they all fall within the same general area of law, which deals with misrepresentation that damages a person`s reputation. This general area of law is called defamation law. Defamation and defamation are types of defamatory statements. Defamation is a defamatory statement that is written. Defamation is a defamatory statement that is oral. For more information on the difference between factual allegations and opinions, see the section on privileges for fair opinions and comments.

The licence will not be renewed if the public sign has not met the continuing education requirements. Some products are subject to several EU requirements at the same time. You must ensure that your product meets all relevant requirements before affixing the CE marking. It is prohibited to affix the CE marking to products for which there are no EU specifications or which do not require the CE marking. The CE marking must consist of the letters “CE”, both letters must have the same vertical dimension and not be less than 5 mm (unless otherwise specified in the relevant product requirements). In order to maintain their real estate licenses in the states where they operate, agents and brokers must participate in continuing education (CE) measures defined annually or in a recurring period. These requirements are set out in state laws and are administered by state real estate commissions. Specific requirements, timelines, and due dates vary greatly from state to state, as do licensing requirements, known as pre-licensing, and the one-time additional training for beginners called post-license. Hover over a state below for a summary of CE requirements for that state, and contact the state real estate commission for more details. Please note that pre- and post-licensing requirements are not considered. Many products require CE marking before they can be sold in the EU.

The CE marking indicates that a product has been assessed by the manufacturer and has been classified as complying with EU safety, health and environmental requirements. It is necessary for products manufactured worldwide and then marketed in the EU. Application of the CE regulatory element to the requirements of the IAR CE Products & Practices in companies: As of June 30, companies can opt for a new business setting in FINRA Gateway to automatically apply the CE regulatory element to related persons who also have an IAR CE Products & Practices requirement. For more information on HBP requirements, please visit the RA page on iard.com. If your product does not need to be independently verified, it is up to you to verify that it meets the technical requirements. This includes assessing and documenting possible risks when using your product. FINRA issued Regulatory Notice 21-41 on November 17, 2021. The notice announces significant changes FINRA has made to its continuing education and registration rules to more effectively train registrants. The changes include the new Maintenance Requirement Qualification Program (AMP), which allows eligible individuals to maintain their qualifications for up to five years by meeting annual continuing education requirements. Visit the Maintenance Qualification Program (AMP) page for credentials and other information.

Resident agents must meet Virginia CE requirements if they hold one or more of the following licenses: Education is about learning skills and knowledge. It also means helping people learn how to do things and helping them think about what they`re learning. It is also important for educators to find ways to find and use information. Education needs research to understand how it can be improved. [1] [2] However, FINRA recognizes that some UE participants may require additional support beyond what CE Online provides. Participants or companies can request player accommodation, recorder or both, if necessary. As the manufacturer of the product, you are solely responsible for the declaration of conformity to all requirements. You do not need a license to affix the CE mark to your product, but you must: The regulatory element of FINRA`s CE program focuses on compliance, regulatory, ethical and business standards. The content is derived from industry rules and regulations as well as recognized industry standards and practices. Participants must demonstrate that they are competent to meet continuing education requirements. The regulatory element requires all registrants to complete computer-based training within 120 days of the second anniversary of their initial registration date and every three years thereafter. A registered agent who is also registered as an Investment Advisor Representative (IAR) may be subject to the RAI CE requirements starting in 2022.

If, as a manufacturer, you carry out the conformity assessment yourself, you do not have to pay a fee. However, if you choose to use the services of a notified body, or if the EU specifications applicable to your product require an independent assessment by a notified body, you will have to pay the notified body for the service it provides. The cost depends on the certification procedure that applies to your product and the complexity of the product, etc. * For consultants/manufacturers only, this may include insurance law and regulations CE marking is only mandatory for products for which there are EU specifications and requires the affixing of a CE marking. Delaware State Division of Professional Regulation Continuing education is required in some states to renew a license, unless it is exempt. Continuing education requirements can be found on the accredited state`s website: Find Approved Courses Review resources on Virginia CE transcripts/compliance status. You can download the CE marking image files from DG GROW`s portal. Review 2023 Regulatory Elements: FINRA and the CE Council have published the 2023 Learning Topics for each registration category. www.insurance.ca.gov/0200-industry/0008-check-license-status/index.cfm.

The fixed component of the FINRA CE program requires broker-dealers to establish a formal training program to keep insured registrants informed of professional and product-related topics. When planning, developing and implementing the firm element, each dealer-dealer must consider its size, structure, scope of business and regulatory concerns. If you want to reduce or enlarge the CE marking on your product, you should pay attention to the proportions of the two letters. As long as the initials remain visible, the CE marking can take different forms (e.g. colour, solid or hollow). If you need to involve a notified body, the CE marking must be accompanied by the identification number of the notified body. The CE marking and the identification number may be affixed separately, provided that they are clearly linked. Participants meet their continuing education requirements through an online CE platform during a 120 calendar day CE window. The platform is available by connecting to the FinPro (Financial Professional Gateway).

There are several ways to categorize education, for example by age or subject. One possibility is to divide them into formal, non-formal and informal education. The California Department of Consumer Affairs, Bureau of Real Estate Support for FinPro and CE platform are available during major business hours, Monday through Friday, 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. ET. A notification appears on FINRA`s System Status page when systems are unavailable. Informal education is less organized. [4] This may include a parent teaching a child how to prepare a meal or ride a bike. People can also get informal education by reading many books from a library or educational websites.

This can also be called self-education. Some fairly famous men were largely self-taught, such as Alfred Russell Wallace. If you are a producer in California or Nevada, you can use Sircon to search for other course and course providers. Please note that you cannot receive partial credit for courses that you have not completed in full. If you leave a course before its completion (or if you leave the current online course), no continuing education credits apply. Providers offer courses on insurance topics such as life insurance or property insurance, which apply to specific types of licenses and topics such as ethics and New York laws and regulations that are common to all types of licenses. You can take any approved course for your specific license class. If you have successfully completed an approved course, the course provider will issue you with a certificate of completion and provide us with your CE points (within 10 days of the end of the course). To find a recognized face-to-face/seminar offer in your region, a webinar offer or a self-study course, use the Continuing Education Course Search (DFS portal). Please contact the provider directly to check availability and register for the course. Our list of continuing education providers includes all suppliers authorized to offer continuing education courses to full-line manufacturers in Washington State.

The term “drunk driving,” while still common and perfectly understandable in everyday language, is not used as a legal term because many drivers who are part of the problem show no visible outward signs of drunkenness. “Impaired driving” generally means driving while impaired by alcohol or drugs. “Driving under the influence of alcohol” (DWI) or “driving under the influence of alcohol” (DUI) means driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs. It is illegal for anyone to have a vehicle with one: for example, while the blood alcohol level (BAC) is 0.08, the penalties vary widely. Arizona, Tennessee and Georgia are among the states where mandatory prison sentences are imposed on first-time offenders. On the other hand, California, Connecticut and Indiana do not have such a requirement. Then there`s Wisconsin, where a first impaired offense isn`t even a crime. This is a civil offence that results in a speeding ticket. If DMV is notified by the court of a conviction for impaired driving, DMV will take additional steps to suspend or revoke your driver`s license.

A note on the terms in the table below: In itself, the blood alcohol level is the blood alcohol level, which means that you are intoxicated by the law. Zero tolerance blood alcohol level refers to the level of intoxication considered illegal for drivers under the age of 21. The improved penalty blood alcohol level is the blood alcohol level where someone faces worse penalties. Finally, implied consent laws assume that motorists have given their consent to have their blood alcohol level tested. If you drink alcoholic beverages and approach the legal driver`s license of 0.08%, you may find that you are less inhibited and more extroverted than normal. If you keep drinking and browsing above 0.08% blood alcohol level, you can experience dramatic mood swings, slurred speech, and worst of all, unhealthy judgment. The obvious call: don`t get in your car or drive. This decision is not so easy if you do not think clearly. Self-assessment is the wrong way to calculate your blood alcohol level. Much of what has been said about alcohol also applies to drugs. California`s drinking and driving law is also a drug-impaired driving law. It refers to “driving under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs.” If an officer suspects you are under the influence of drugs, they may legally require you to have a blood or urine test.

Drivers who choose not to participate in these tests are subject to prolonged suspensions and revocations. You may be contacted by a police officer while driving a vehicle for many reasons. You could be stopped for speeding or running a red light, for aggressive and dangerous driving, or for one of the many equipment offences. Getting run over is one way to increase safety, and you`ll be fine unless you`re driving under the influence of alcohol. Driving with a blood alcohol level of 0.08% or higher is automatically illegal. Even if the driver is safe and has no faculties, Colorado prosecutors can inherently bring drunk driving charges against any motorist for a blood alcohol level of 0.08 percent or higher. Arizona already has many important impaired driving laws. They save money and lives. The following estimates describe the expected costs and savings based on Arizona prices and affected travel fares.

Estimates assume that Arizona`s laws reach an average level of effectiveness in the United States. Driving under 21 years of age and with a blood alcohol level of 0.02% to less than 0.05% is UDD – underage drinking and driving. This is a very low threshold, and drinking a small amount of alcohol can cause a person`s blood alcohol level to reach 0.02%. Few repeat offenders are deterred by blanket driving bans. Four alternative sanctions approaches have proven to be particularly effective in reducing recidivism. DMV may take administrative action against your privilege to drive after your arrest or arrest for drunk driving. The court may bring a separate action for the same offence. DMV`s action relates only to your right to drive. Court action may include a fine, jail time, delay in DL, and completion of a drunk driving program.

If you use a BACtrack professional-grade accurate and practical breathalyzer, you can measure your blood alcohol level only 15 minutes after you have your first drink. According to conventional wisdom, your blood alcohol level will remain within safe limits if you consume only one standard drink per hour. According to the definition of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), a standard beverage is half an ounce of alcohol. This means that a 12-ounce beer, a five-ounce glass of wine, and a 1.5-ounce glass of distilled spirits are each considered a standard beverage. The following table shows the general effects of alcohol in an hour on an average person of a certain body weight. Please do not rely solely on this information. Everyone is different and alcohol affects everyone in a different way. Only you know your limits. Please drink responsibly. While drunk driving and driving while impaired by driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol, they can be separate, though related, offences depending on where you drive and your age. A number of additional strategies can mitigate the harm caused by impaired driving. The following sections estimate the potential savings on Arizona prices if other proven measures to prevent driving disruptions were fully implemented in Arizona.

In Colorado, the blood alcohol concentration limit (BAC) is 0.08% for DUI and 0.05% for DWAI. The limit for impaired driving by minors is 0.02%. Commercial drivers have a limit of 0.04%. Motorists driving a blood alcohol concentration at or above the blood alcohol limit may be held liable for impaired driving or IASD, even if there is no other evidence of actual impairment. Using medications (the law does not distinguish between prescription, over-the-counter or illegal drugs) that interfere with your ability to drive safely is illegal. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist and read the warning label if you are unsure whether taking the medication will affect your driving. Here are some facts: Even if you don`t feel the effects of alcohol, your blood alcohol level may exceed the legal limit of your condition, as everyone`s body and alcohol tolerance are different.

A statistical method of natural language processing was used to automatically predict the outcome of cases heard by the European Court of Human Rights (violation or non-violation of a particular article) based on their textual content, achieving a prediction accuracy of 79%. [22] A subsequent qualitative analysis of these results provided some support for the theory of legal realism. The authors write: “In general, and despite the simplified snapshot of a very complex debate we have just presented, our findings could be understood to support the basic legal and realistic intuition that judges respond primarily to non-legal rather than legal reasons when deciding difficult cases.” Well, this philosophical battle has been fought for many centuries. At its heart is the clash of two schools of jurisprudence known as “legal realism” and “legal formalism.” “Legal formalism” is probably what most people think of when they imagine how a judge thinks. “Legal formalism” is the idea that all political questions have been and must be posed by the legislator alone. Legal formalism is primarily about enforcing what the law actually says, not what it could or should say. It is a theory that law is a set of rules and principles independent of other political and social institutions. This theory is the most famous advanced by Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia. Holmes is a prominent figure in American legal thought for many reasons, but what realists have drawn most from Holmes is his famous predictive theory of law, his utilitarian approach to legal reasoning, and his “realist” insistence that judges in deciding cases not simply infer legal conclusions with relentless and mechanical logic.

but are influenced by ideas of equity. Public order, prejudice and experience. In the first paragraph of The Common Law, he wrote: It is rare for the law to completely favour one side over the other. There is usually a legal argument that must be made on both sides of a particular issue. However, the law generally leans in one direction, and I have found that the legal force of a case is less important than the given facts of the case. In my experience with local judges, it is often the facts that determine the outcome of cases, not the law; That is, I have had many situations and cases where the law is stacked on my side to some extent and my client has always received an unfavorable outcome. Conversely, I scratched my head on the results where I was disadvantaged by the law, but I got a victory for my client on the basis of favorable facts. I think it is because most trial judges are legally realistic. This school of thought sought to use the common law to resolve disputes in a practical manner.

A judge was expected to conduct a four-step procedure when issuing an opinion. Legal realism can also be described as a naturalistic approach to law. Do not follow traditional legal principles, but question these traditional principles. Legal realism asserts that courts can logically and objectively apply the rules and principles that guide them. As a form of jurisprudence, legal realism is defined by the emphasis on the law as it actually exists in practice, rather than as it exists in books. To this end, he focused on the actions of judges and the factors influencing judicial decision-making processes. As Karl Llewellyn argues: “[t]he decisions are judges; Judges are men; As men, they have a human past. [3] Thus, law did not exist in a metaphysical domain of fundamental rules or principles, but was inseparable from human action and the power of judges to determine law. To understand the decisions and actions of legal actors, legal realists turned to social science ideas to understand human behavior and relationships that resulted in a particular legal outcome. [4] Legal realism is a naturalistic approach to law.

It was felt that jurisprudence should imitate the methods of the natural sciences, i.e. be based on empirical evidence. Hypotheses must be tested against observations of the world. [ref. needed] Many critics have argued that realists have exaggerated the extent to which the law is “riddled” with loopholes, contradictions, etc. [17] The fact that most legal questions contain simple and clear answers that no lawyer or judge would dispute is difficult to reconcile with strong realistic claims of pervasive legal “vagueness.” Other critics, such as Ronald Dworkin and Lon Fuller, criticized right-wing realists for their attempt to sharply separate law and morality. [18] [19] Legal realism was primarily a reaction to the legal formalism of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was the dominant approach for much of the early 20th century. With her negative willingness to challenge formalistic assumptions, she managed to ensure that judges always do what they said, so that it is often said that “we are all realistic now”. Realism, however, has failed in its positive quest to find a better way to predict how judges would behave than relying on the reasons given by judges. In my experience as a relatively young lawyer, I have sometimes been frustrated to find that most trial judges look like legal realists rather than legal formalists. I sincerely believe that to be true, but it may not be the judges who simply prefer one legal philosophy to another. Rather, I think it stems from practical needs that exist in today`s courtrooms.

Next, Holmes presents his most important and influential argument, the theory of the “bad man” right: “If we adopt the view of our friend, the evil man, we will find that he cares neither about morality nor the logic of the law.” For the wicked man, “legal duty” means only “a prophecy that if he does certain things, he will face unpleasant consequences of imprisonment or coercive payment.” [10] The villain does not care about legal theorization and only cares about practical consequences. In the spirit of pragmatism, Holmes suggests that this is a useful way to reveal the true meaning of legal concepts. It has long been said, “A good lawyer knows the law; A great lawyer knows the judge. This saying couldn`t be truer in everyday legal practice, but perhaps not for the reason most people think of first.

We did some research and found an article from Money Inc. that broke down some of these bizarre laws that are still in effect in the great state of New York. We looked at some of the most memorable, including laws on how to hold a hose in your lawn, how not to treat pigeons, and much, much more. Here`s one for New York`s list of strange laws. For those who believe in lasting entertainment, putting a puppet on your hand and playing with it in your window seemed like a good replacement for the old Zenith TV. Unfortunately, this was not the case. You know the ones I`m talking about: laws prohibiting murder, drunk driving, parking in front of fire hydrants and so on are prudent and help maintain order in society. When someone breaks any of these laws, the usual reaction is, “Really?” In Buffalo, it is illegal to throw a ball at someone`s head. ! So much for the fathers and sons who play catching in the old yard.

Here are ten of Buffalo`s strangest laws. New York State has literally thousands of laws on its books and many are no longer enforced. We found a list of some of these laws and thought we should let you know, you might be breaking the law without even knowing it. I`m sure a lot of people have heard of laws they can`t believe are in the books or ever have been. We know that when the school bus lights are flashing, we have to stop until the lights go out. We all know that you can`t rob or murder anyone, or a host of other laws that are simply public knowledge. You have to go back a long way, when certain laws were included in the books to understand why they are laws in the first place. New York State was a very different place 100 or 200 years ago and some laws fall through the cracks – meaning they`re not enforced and/or they`re so ridiculous they just aren`t. It turns out there are a lot more savage laws we couldn`t talk about, so we compiled a list of ten other bizarre laws that still exist in New York, according to Money Inc.`s article on the subject.

I wonder when someone was last convicted of breaking one of these laws? If so, I would like to talk to them. Repealing laws is no small feat. In fact, some may say that it is much easier to create a law than to repeal it. Regardless, the fact that there are many, many old laws in books today that are obsolete today is important, meaning they have no bearing on how we live today. In fact, there are many laws today that were based solely on superstition and had nothing to do with facts. To give you an idea, let`s now take a look at some of the strangest laws in the books of the great state of New York. In a way, these ridiculous rules are still laws in Buffalo. Here in upstate New York, there are strange, crazy, ridiculous laws that some people probably break all the time.

If I look at some of them, I have certainly broken at least two or three. Thus. Fess Up: Did you break any of those crazy laws in Buffalo? Tell us your rebellious stories in the comments! Thanks for reading our list of New York`s strange laws. As strange as it may seem, the habit of making a law and removing it from books when it is no longer relevant is a difficult cookie to manipulate. No matter how stupid one of these laws is, there may have been a good reason to make them. However, times are changing and many laws are becoming obsolete. We are pretty easy-going people here in Buffalo. Seven meters of snow in one weekend? No problem.

Seventeen years without a playoff series? Well. But if you even remember to greet us by “putting your thumb on your nose and wiggling your fingers”, we will hand you over to the authorities! This is just one of many crazy laws that still exist in Buffalo. Take a look and see if you broke any of them! But somehow, Buffalo, there are several laws that are actually in the books in our beautiful city that you may not know about. And some of them will make you shake your head in astonishment. I shared this strange law with my cousin while we were on FaceTime. She frowned and slowly slid her fingers through her silky hair extensions. Then there are the other laws. These are often outdated, absurd and seem to have been introduced due to a single incident that probably dates back centuries. They were ratified anyway, and often most people even forget that they exist. However, before visiting a new city, I usually familiarize myself with its fundamental laws.

Shame, shame, shame on those of you who love to dye your rabbit skins in different colors. Why would anyone take the time to enact such a law? Only God knows, leave them as they are. Oh good day, we`re sure this will alleviate some of your weekend joys, as you can no longer skydive and jump from planes, cliffs or buildings. However, if Buffalo, NY – Like many New Yorkers, I find myself for the Bills. After all, they`ll likely finish the season with more wins than the Giants and Jets combined. And so I could see a playoff game at Highmark. When you get in an elevator, you don`t need to talk to anyone and cross your hands while looking at the door. It`s just stupid.

The legislature of the state that proposed this should have been impeached. We are all very aware of the long arm of the law. We know most of the things we shouldn`t do. We know that an eight-sided red sign means stopping at an intersection. And that those with the white border are optional. At least, that`s what my father always told me. I think it`s perfectly acceptable to throw a ball at someone as long as you`re not having fun. The next time a stranger smiles and asks for your phone number, you might suggest, “Oh, I understand. You want my number so I can send you a reminder of the $25 flirting penalty you have to pay. Isn`t it? The most interesting thing is that here in the United States, each state varies as much as each county or city. What is illegal in one place may not be illegal in another state. When was the last time you saw a spy in a company? This legislation is probably no longer necessary.

Throwing a ball at someone`s head – If I had known I was a child, I would have ended up with much more than a bar of soap in my mouth. I mean seriously, how are you supposed to play a real dodgeball game with this law? If you can dodge a key, you can dodge a bullet. Don`t throw it at someone`s head. Please, and thanks.PS: This also applies to snowballs In the village of Sag Harbor on Long Island, it is illegal for anyone to bathe in any of the waters within the commercial boundaries of the village, unless they are wearing an appropriate swimsuit or covering, or undressing in any of the streets or public squares or in a car or cart in these Streets. Again, it is very obvious that both sides should agree that they cannot resolve their differences. § 98-8. No person may operate a bootblack kiosk or work, rent or earn as a bootblack in the city, or permit or require any of its employees to perform such work after 1:00 p.m. on a Sunday afternoon.

However, this section does not apply to persons who live. Hanging clothes without permission – So I haven`t hung my clothes outside since I was a kid growing up in my parents` house. Thanks to the wonder of modern technology known as the dryer, this one has not been a problem for me. But if you want to get that crunchy outdoor laundry smell, make sure you have your papers in order. Yes, you know who they are, those pesky finger agitators. Damn thinking in New York to write a law that will keep them in place! Ah, we know who you are, imagine that, comb your pets and go out late at night to sell their hair on the black market. Fortunately, local authorities were informed of this dark activity and a law was passed to stop it. “Well,” she said, “thank God horsehair is still legal!” The offender shows his cup of 7-Eleven.

“Sorry, but I transferred the tomato soup to this cup of slurpee. And so I am just following the orders of this cup. According to the New York City Transit Authority, women are allowed to be topless when they take the subway. New York law states that if a man can be somewhere shirtless, a woman gets the same right. The decision was made and implemented after a group of women were arrested while testing regulations in the subway. This list is equally bizarre, covering several issues with ice cream cones, where a donkey can and can`t sleep, and many other entertaining topics. We would have liked to invent them from scratch, but unfortunately we did not. As far as we know, these are genuine, and we hope you enjoy each and every one of them. “Hey, buddy,” a security guard warns.

“It`s illegal to talk to people while taking this elevator!” If this law had been enforced, how many of us would never have been born? Most men would not know that they were breaking this law. § 352-1. Speed at public road intersections. A steam railroad is not permitted to drive a locomotive or rail cars at a speed greater than six (6) miles per hour on a highway in the City of Buffalo. Carrying an ice cream cone, in my bag on Sundays – I wish I had lived in a time when people walked around with ice cream cones in their pockets on Sundays with reckless dedication. I mean, seriously, it was such a big problem that they had to put this law on the books? 6.